Life is the Comedy

Posted by Ty Fischer on May 11, 2009 4:39:43 AM
May 11, 2009 
 
 I recently read Kathleen Verduin’s interesting article called Edith Wharton, Adultery and the Reception of Francesca da Rimini in the 2004 edition of Dante Studies. It chronicles the use of Francesca (Dante’s sympathetic and pathetic character in the circle of the lustful) by Edith Wharton the early 20th century novelist and feminist. It seems that the character of Francesca became a symbolic justification of the adultery of the intellectual classes of that age. Verduin points out that Francesca was a much more popular character then than she is now. Now, she is not known broadly, but then, particularly in the intellectual classes of New England and
Europe
she symbolized an excuse for what they were interested in—namely failing to keep their marriage covenants. This fascination with Francesca who is certainly the character engendering the most sympathy in Hell (she is tricked into a marriage by a monstrous man who kills her when she falls for his handsome brother Paulo—the man that she actually consented to marry). It seems that
New England
was transfixed with adultery. They found the most sympathetic character possible and dwelt on her. They made her a heroine in operas and stories. They justified her actions. They needed her justification to excuse their own actions.  Dante, we must remember, did none of this . . . . 

Dante, we must remember, did none of this. He saw lust for what it actually is—a mighty wind that blows overwhelming sinners and ceaselessly driving them on. It, however, does not begin this way. It did not in the life of Francesca and Paulo. It is first a gentle breeze. Their affair began with a seemingly innocent activity—reading a book about King Arthur—precisely about Lancelot and Guinevere. The wind began to blow and then to howl and Francesca and Paulo are thrown down in it. Instead of excusing the sin, Dante condemns it through Virgil. The stumble down the wrong path and then find that the once soft breeze is a gale is so hard at their backs that they can not now escape its force. Also, Dante will have none of this silly romanticism which is foisted on Inferno by sublimating, intellectual New Englanders intent upon reading their own versions of Lancelot and Guinevere. In Hell, Francesca and Paulo lose their humanity. They continue to hold onto each other—the only mutuality that we witness in Hell. It is shown, however, to be faux-mutuality. Paulo has become something—of some thing—that Francesca drags around the first circle eternally. What they have is not love. They have become what lust reduces everything to. They have become things that fulfill needs rather than human beings. Thus, it was no surprise that intellectual New Englanders like Wharton got what they wanted (license) and got what Dante said they would. They inherited the wind.